Frame/packet-based calibration for wireless transceivers

ABSTRACT

A packet-based wireless transceiver that transmits and receives data packets includes a transceiver component having an adjustable performance parameter. A calibration circuit adjusts the performance parameter of the transceiver component at times synchronized with the data packets. A calibration signal generator generates calibration signals based on the performance parameter and outputs the calibration signals to the transceiver component. A comparator receives the outputs of the transceiver component and generates a difference signal. A calibration adjustment circuit communicates with the calibration signal generator and the comparator and adjusts the performance parameter to reduce the difference signal. Alternately, a reference signal generator generates a reference signal. A comparator receives the reference signal and a second signal from the transceiver component and generates a difference signal. A calibration adjustment circuit adjusts the performance parameter of the transceiver to reduce the difference signal.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to wireless transceivers, and moreparticularly to calibration of frame/packet-based wireless transceivers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to FIG. 1, a wireless transceiver 10 is shown and includesa transmitter 12 and a receiver 14. The wireless transceiver 10 may beused in a local area network (LAN) and may be attached to a BasebandProcessor (BBP) and a Media Access Controller (MAC) in either a stationor an Access Point (AP) configuration. A network interface card (NIC) isone of the various “STATION” configurations. The NIC can be connected toa networked device 16 such as a laptop computer, a personal digitalassistant (PDA) or any other networked device. When the transceiver 10is attached to an access point (AP) MAC, an AP is created. The APprovides network access for WLAN stations that are associated with thetransceiver 10.

The wireless transceiver 10 transmits and receives frames/packets andprovides communication between two networked devices. In AdHoc mode, thetwo devices can be two laptop/personal computers. In infrastructuremode, the two devices can be a laptop/personal computer and an AP.

There are multiple different ways of implementing the transmitter 12 andthe receiver 14. For purposes of illustration, simplified block diagramsof super-heterodyne and direct conversion transmitter and receiverarchitectures will be discussed, although other architectures may beused. Referring now to FIG. 2A, an exemplary super-heterodyne receiver14-1 is shown. The receiver 14-1 includes an antenna 19 that is coupledto an optional RF filter 20 and a low noise amplifier 22. An output ofthe amplifier 22 is coupled to a first input of a mixer 24. A secondinput of the mixer 24 is connected to an oscillator 25, which provides areference frequency. The mixer 24 converts radio frequency (RF) signalsto intermediate frequency (IF) signals.

An output of the mixer 24 is connected to an optional IF filter 26,which has an output that is coupled to an automatic gain controlamplifier (AGCA) 32. An output of the AGCA 32 is coupled to first inputsof mixers 40 and 41. A second input of the mixer 41 is coupled to anoscillator 42, which provides a reference frequency. A second input ofthe mixer 40 is connected to the oscillator 42 through a −90° phaseshifter 43. The mixers 40 and 41 convert the IF signals to baseband (BB)signals. Outputs of the mixers 40 and 41 are coupled to BB circuits 44-1and 44-2, respectively. The BB circuits 44-1 and 44-2 may include lowpass filters (LPF) 45-1 and 45-2 and gain blocks 46-1 and 46-2,respectively, although other BB circuits may be used. Mixer 40 generatesan in-phase (I) signal, which is output to a BB processor 47. The mixer41 generates a quadrature-phase (Q) signal, which is output to the BBprocessor 47.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, an exemplary direct receiver 14-2 is shown.The receiver 14-2 includes the antenna 19 that is coupled the optionalRF filter 20 and to the low noise amplifier 22. An output of the lownoise amplifier 22 is coupled to first inputs of RF to BB mixers 48 and50. A second input of the mixer 50 is connected to oscillator 51, whichprovides a reference frequency. A second input of the mixer 48 isconnected to the oscillator 51 through a ˜90° phase shifter 52. Themixer 48 outputs the I-signal to the BB circuit 44-1, which may includethe LPF 45-1 and the gain block 46-1. An output of the BB circuit 44-1is input to the BB processor 47. Similarly, the mixer 50 outputs the Qsignal to the BB circuit 44-2, which may include the LPF 45-2 and thegain block 46-2. An output of the BB circuit 44-2 is output to the BBprocessor 47.

Referring now to FIG. 3A, an exemplary super-heterodyne transmitter 12-1is shown. The transmitter 12-1 receives an I signal from the BBprocessor 47. The I signal is input to a LPF 60 that is coupled to afirst input of a BB to IF mixer 64. A Q signal of the BB processor 47 isinput to a LPF 68 that is coupled to a first input of a BB to IF mixer72. The mixer 72 has a second input that is coupled to an oscillator 74,which provides a reference frequency. The mixer 64 has a second inputthat is coupled to the oscillator through a ˜900 phase shifter 75.

Outputs of the mixers 64 and 72 are input to a summer 76. The summer 76combines the signals into a complex signal that is input to a variablegain amplifier (VGA) 84. The VGA 84 is coupled to an optional IF filter85. The optional IF filter 85 is connected to a first input of an IF toRF mixer 86. A second input of the mixer 86 is connected to anoscillator 87, which provides a reference frequency. An output of themixer 86 is coupled to an optional RF filter 88. The optional RF filter88 is connected to a power amplifier 89, which may include a driver. Thepower amplifier 89 drives an antenna 90 through an optional RF filter91.

Referring now to FIG. 3B, an exemplary direct transmitter 12-2 is shown.The transmitter 12-2 receives an I signal from the BB processor 47. TheI signal is input to the LPF 60, which has an output that is coupled toa first input of a BB to RF mixer 92. A Q signal of the BB processor 47is input to the LPF 68, which is coupled to a first input of a BB to RFmixer 93. The mixer 93 has a second input that is coupled to anoscillator 94, which provides a reference frequency. The mixer 92 has asecond input that is connected to the oscillator 94 through a −90° phaseshifter 95. Outputs of the mixers 92 and 93 are input to the summer 76.The summer 76 combines the signals into a complex signal that is inputthe power amplifier 89. The power amplifier 89 drives the antenna 90through the optional RF filter 91. The RF and IF filters in FIGS. 2A,2B, 3A and 3B may be implemented on-chip or externally.

The transceiver may include several integrated circuits (ICs) or asingle IC. The IC(s) may be implemented using various different processtechnologies such as CMOS, SiGe, GaAs, other technologies, and/orcombinations thereof. Different process technologies are selecteddepending upon design considerations such as desired cost, size, and/orswitching speed. For example, CMOS technology may be used to implementtransceiver ICs due to its relatively low cost. The transceiver mayoperate in accordance with IEEE section 802.11b or 802.11 g, which ishereby incorporated by reference, and at frequencies between 2.4–2.5GHz.

During volume production of the transceiver IC, the values and/orcharacteristics of resistors, capacitors, transistors and other elementsused in the transceiver components may vary due to process variations.These variations may adversely impact performance of the transceiver IC.In use, power supply voltage variation and temperature variations of theenvironment may also adversely impact the performance of the transceiverIC.

Calibration techniques are conventionally used to adjust one or moreperformance parameters such as DC offset and gain of various circuitbuilding blocks of an IC to reduce and/or eliminate performancevariations. For example, a NIC is plugged into a PCMCIA slot of a laptopcomputer and the laptop computer is turned on. Upon power up, a powersupply voltage is output to the transceiver and a calibration mode istypically initiated. The calibration mode adjusts a preset performanceparameter. The temperature of the PCMCIA slot is still relatively closeto room temperature. Operation of the transceiver IC is improved due tothe calibration.

A few minutes later, the temperature of the computer and the PCMCIA slotis typically much higher than during power-on. As a result, thecalibration that was performed at power-on may no longer be an effectivecalibration. Additional environmental temperature changes may occur formobile user applications, for example when the user transitions from aninside location to an outside location.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A packet-based wireless transceiver according to the present inventionthat transmits and receives data packets includes a transceivercomponent including an adjustable performance parameter. A calibrationcircuit adjusts the performance parameter of the transceiver componentat times synchronized with the data packets.

In other features, the calibration circuit performs full and/orincremental calibration. The transceiver is a local area networktransceiver. The calibration circuit adjusts the performance parameterduring idle time between the data packets, during non-idle time, and/orduring the idle time and the non-idle time.

In still other features, the transceiver component is a receiver mixer,a receiver baseband circuit and/or a receiver amplifier and theperformance parameter is receiver voltage offset. Alternately, thetransceiver component is a transmitter mixer and/or a transmitter lowpass filter and the performance parameter is transmitter voltage offset.

In yet other features, the transceiver component is a receiver mixer andthe performance parameter is receiver mixer gain. Alternately, thetransceiver component is a transmitter mixer and the performanceparameter is transmitter mixer gain.

In other features, a calibration signal generator generates calibrationsignals based on the performance parameter and outputs the calibrationsignals to the transceiver component. A comparator receives the outputsof the transceiver component and generates a difference signal. Acalibration adjustment circuit communicates with the calibration signalgenerator and the comparator and adjusts the performance parameter toreduce the difference signal. Alternately, the calibration circuitincludes a reference signal generator that generates a reference signal.A comparator receives the reference signal and a second signal from thetransceiver component and generates a difference signal. A calibrationadjustment circuit adjusts the performance parameter of the transceiverbased on the difference signal.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will becomeapparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It shouldbe understood that the detailed description and specific examples, whileindicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended forpurposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope ofthe invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from thedetailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary wirelesstransceiver according to the prior art;

FIG. 2A is a functional block diagram of an exemplary super-heterodynereceiver architecture according to the prior art;

FIG. 2B is a functional block diagram of an exemplary direct receiverarchitecture according to the prior art;

FIG. 3A is a functional block diagram of an exemplary super-heterodynetransmitter architecture according to the prior art;

FIG. 3B is a functional block diagram of an exemplary direct transmitterarchitecture according to the prior art;

FIG. 4A is a functional block diagram of a transceiver including apacket-based calibration circuit;

FIG. 4B illustrates a first exemplary implementation of the packet-basedcalibration circuit;

FIG. 4C illustrates a second exemplary implementation of thepacket-based calibration circuit;

FIG. 5 illustrates the timing of power amplifier, receiver andtransmitter enable signals;

FIG. 6 illustrates a receiver voltage (or DC) offset calibrationcircuit;

FIG. 7 illustrates a transmitter voltage (or DC) offset calibrationcircuit;

FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified RF mixer gain calibration circuit; and

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrates a transmitter RF mixer gain calibrationcircuit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merelyexemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention,its application, or uses. For purposes of clarity, the same referencenumbers will be used in the drawings to identify similar elements. Asused herein, packet-based calibration also includes frame-basedcalibration.

Conventional full calibration may take significantly longer thanavailable idle time between data packets. If conventional fullcalibration is performed after the transceiver begins operation, it mayoverlap times when data packets are received and/or transmitted.Transceiver IC's, such as RF circuits that detect UV signals, aresensitive circuits. Performance of these IC's is compromised whenconventional calibration occurs at the same time that packets aretransmitted or received. Conventional calibration circuits may generateunacceptable switching noise that degrades transceiver performance.Therefore, conventional transceivers usually do not calibrate after theinitial full calibration.

Incremental calibration is performed from a current value rather than apreset value. In contrast, full calibration is performed from a presetvalue rather than a current value. Full calibration is conventionallyperformed during power up before the transceiver begins transmitting andreceiving data packets. While one-time calibration works well in theshort term, the underlying environmental conditions upon which the fullcalibration is based may change during use. For example, when thetransceiver is integrated with or attached to a mobile device, theenvironmental and operating temperatures may change during use.

A calibration circuit and method according to the present inventionperforms packet-based calibration at times synchronized with the datapackets. For example, calibration can be performed during idle timebetween data packets. However, calibration may also be performed duringnon-idle times and/or during idle and non-idle times.

The packet-based calibration can be full calibration and/or incrementalcalibration. The calibration circuits and methods according to thepresent invention minimize interference that would otherwise occur ifconventional full calibration was performed more frequently, for exampleafter the transceiver begins transmitting and receiving data packets. Inaddition, the present invention minimizes performance degradation due toenvironmental changes such as operating and/or environmental temperaturechanges.

The packet-based calibration may be performed instead of and/or inaddition to full calibration that occurs in various situations such aspower on. For example, packet-based calibration is performed forcircuits that exhibit higher temperature sensitivity such as transmitterand receiver RF mixer gain and transmitter and receiver DC offsetvoltage.

Packet-based calibration improves the operation of the transceiver bycorrecting changes that occur as the transceiver warms up duringoperation, is moved to a new environment, and/or otherwise experiencestemperature changes, power supply voltage changes, etc. The presentinvention will be described in conjunction with several exemplaryimplementations including transmitter and receiver DC offset calibrationcircuits and transmitter and receiver RF mixer gain calibrationcircuits. As can be appreciated by skilled artisans, packet-basedcalibration can be performed to adjust other performance parameters ofthese and other transceiver components.

Referring now to FIG. 4A, a transceiver 103 according to the presentinvention is shown and includes one or more transceiver components 104having adjustable performance parameters 105. The transceiver 103further includes a calibration circuit 106 that includes a packet-basedcalibration mode and an optional conventional full calibration mode.

Referring now to FIG. 4B, in a first exemplary implementation thecalibration circuit 106 includes a calibration signal generator 107, acomparator 108 and a calibration adjustment circuit 109. The calibrationsignal generator 107 outputs calibration signals to first and secondinputs of the transceiver component 104. First and second outputs of thetransceiver component 104 are input to first and second differentialinputs of the comparator 108, which outputs adjustment signals to thecalibration adjustment circuit 109. The calibration adjustment circuit109 adjusts the performance parameter 105 of the transceiver component104 to improve calibration.

Referring now to FIG. 4C, in a second exemplary implementation thecalibration circuit 106′ includes a calibration signal generator 107′, acomparator 108′ and a calibration adjustment circuit 109′. Thecalibration signal generator 107′ generates a reference signal that isoutput to the comparator 108′. An output of the transceiver component104 is input to the comparator 108′, which outputs adjustment signals tothe calibration adjustment circuit 109. The calibration adjustmentcircuit 109 adjusts the performance parameter 105 of the transceivercomponent 104 to improve calibration.

Referring now to FIG. 5, receiver, transmitter and power amplifierenable signals 110, 114, and 116, respectively, are shown. An exemplarytime period for performing incremental calibration is shown. Incrementalcalibration of transmitter and receiver performance parameters can beperformed during idle time between data packets. For example, transmitRF mixer calibration according to the present invention can be performedduring a first idle time period 117 between transmitter enable 120 andpower amplifier enable 124. Transmit RF mixer calibration can also beperformed during a second idle time period 122 between power amplifierenable 124 and a falling edge of transmitter enable 120. Skilledartisans will appreciate that the transmit RF mixer calibration can beperformed during any other idle time between data packets. A typicalvalue for the first and second idle time periods 117 and 122 isapproximately 0.5 to 2 μs.

Receiver RF mixer incremental calibration can be performed at thebeginning of the receiver enable signal 118. The data packet typicallyincludes a preamble portion, a header portion, a data portion and a CRCportion. The preamble portion typically has a duration of many μs suchas 56 μs in 802.11b or 8 μs in 802.11g, and is used to train anequalizer in the receiver. For receiver related calibrations, a minimumoverlap of receiver time is preferred to minimize or eliminate anyadverse impact on system performance due to the calibration activities.Receive mixer calibration can also be performed during one of the firstand second periods 117 and 122 to allow system performance optimization.

Incremental calibration of the transmitter for DC offset can beperformed when the transceiver transitions out from a transmitter modeduring a third idle time period 125. Incremental calibration of thereceiver for DC offset can be performed when the transceiver transitionsout from the receiver mode during a fourth idle time period 126. Skilledartisans will appreciate that full and/or incremental packet-basedcalibration of the performance parameters can be performed during anyother idle time periods, non-idle time periods and/or during both idleand non-idle time periods without departing from the invention.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a receiver V_(os) (DC Offset) calibrationcircuit 200 is shown and includes a calibration control block 201. Thecalibration control block 201 includes a calibration enable bitgenerator 202-1 that outputs a calibration enable signal to an input ofAND gate 204-1. The calibration ready signal is also input to the ANDgate 204-1. A rising edge detection circuit 206-1 receives an output ofthe AND gate 204-1 and generates an output signal that is input to allowit to either count up or down depending on the output of calibrationcounter of 220-1. The counter 210-1 receives a clock signal. The up/downcontrol from 220-1 is derived from the logic state of comparator 250output which is stored in memory device 212.

The receiver V_(os) calibration circuit 200 includes two calibrationcircuits for I and Q channels. An output of the calibration controlblock 201 is input to a decoder 240. An output of the decoder 240 isinput to a calibration network 244, which provides a controlledinjection current. An I channel of the IF mixer 40 is connected to thebaseband circuit 44-1. The baseband circuit 44-1 may include the LPF45-1 and the amplifier 46-1. A comparator 250 is connected to outputs ofthe baseband circuit 44-1. An output of the comparator 250 is connectedto the register 212, which is connected to the up/down and count enablecircuit 220-1.

The calibration protocol of V_(os) for the receiver I-Q channel basebandcircuits (including the offset introduced by the receiver IF mixer) canbe divided into two phases. Phase 1 is a full calibration and isperformed when the transceiver 10 is powered up, exits from power down,has a hardware and/or software reset, and optimally when the frequencysynthesizer changes channels. As can be appreciated, full calibrationmay be performed in other circumstances as well.

The counter 210-1 is reset to a preset initial value. The output logicstate of comparator 250 determines if counter 210-1 to count up or down.The counter 210-1 stops counting when the state changes a predeterminednumber of consecutive times from up to down. For example, up, up, up,up, down, up, down, up.

Phase 2 is an incremental calibration that is performed during idle timewhen the transceiver 10 transitions from the receiver mode to thetransmitter mode. A MAC layer of the transceiver 10 can control powerenable signals that command the transceiver 10 to exit from receivermode to the transmitter mode or to standby modes. To reduce powerconsumption, the receiver can go into a partial power down mode (orsleep mode) as the transceiver exits from the receiver mode. Instead ofallowing all receiver circuit blocks to go into sleep mode, somereceiver circuits (such as the baseband circuit 44-1 which may containthe LPF 45-1 and amplifier 46-1 and the IF mixer 40) remain active untilthe incremental calibration is completed.

Instead of resetting the up/down counter 210-1 to the preset value (asin the full-calibration case), the calibration starts at an existingcounter value. The calibration stops when the up/down and count enablecircuit 220-1 transitions or after the predetermined number of clockcycles. During calibration, the differential inputs of the receiver IFmixer 40 can be shorted together using one or more switches 260. As aresult, the DC offset introduced by the IF mixer 40 is also becalibrated out.

Referring now to FIG. 7, a transmitter V_(os) (DC Offset) calibrationcircuit 400 is illustrated and includes a calibration control block 402that is similar to the calibration control block 201. The transmitterV_(os) (DC Offset) calibration circuit 400 is similar to the receiverV_(os) calibration circuit 200. The transmitter V_(os) (DC Offset)calibration circuit 400 includes two separate calibration circuits for Iand Q channels.

An output of the calibration control block 402 is input to a decoder404. An output of the decoder 404 is input to a calibration network 406,which injects current into the LPF 60. An output of the LPF 60 is inputto the IF mixer 64. Outputs of the IF mixer 64 are input to a comparator414. An output of the comparator 414 is input to a register 416 or otherstorage device. An output of the register 416 is input to the up/downand counter enable circuit 220-2.

The calibration protocol of the transmitter V_(os) I-Q channelcalibration circuits can be divided into two phases. Phase 1 is a fullcalibration. The counter 210-2 is reset to a preset value. The outputlogic state of comparator 414 determines if counter 210-2 to count up ordown. Stop criteria is similar to that of the receiver V_(os)calibration circuit 200.

Phase 2 is an incremental calibration that is performed when thetransceiver transitions out from the transmitter mode. Instead ofallowing the transmitter circuit blocks to go into sleep mode, sometransmitter circuits such as the LPF 60 and the IF mixer 64 remainactive until the packet-based calibration is completed.

When incremental packet-based calibration is performed after fullcalibration, instead of resetting the up/down counter to the presetvalue (as in the full-calibration case), the calibration starts at thecurrent counter value. The calibration stops when an up/down transitionoccurs or after the predetermined number of clock cycles.

The comparator 414 can be a low offset, high gain comparator that isused to sense the DC offset output voltage at the final stage of thebaseband circuit of the transmitter before the transmitter IF mixer 64.The differential transmitter inputs for both the I and Q channels areoptionally isolated from the input pads by switching off a pair ofswitches (not shown) connected in series to isolate the circuit fromvariations in off-chip conditions during calibration.

Referring now to FIG. 8, a simplified RF mixer gain circuit 500 isshown. The input gain devices of the transmitter and receiver RF mixersare biased by a relatively constant overdrive voltage (V_(gs)−V_(t)). Asa result, the input linear range is controlled across process andtemperature. The transconductance gain g_(m) of the mixers is a functionof 2I_(D)/(V_(gs)−V_(t)). Since (V_(gs)−V_(t)) is approximately constantby design, g_(m) is proportional to the bias current ID Since the biascurrent I_(o) and resistance R_(poly) are known, g_(m) can be determinedand adjusted.

For a fixed (V_(gs)−V_(T)) overdrive, the current I_(D) changes withprocess variations (in other words, fast/slow corners, etc.). For agiven process corner, the current I_(D) also changes with temperature.Since the current I_(D) is a function of both process corners as well astemperature, calibration can be performed frequently, such as for everypacket. Alternatively, additional circuits may be used to allowcalibration frequency to be programmed. Additional details can be foundin “Mixer Constant Linear Range Biasing Apparatus And Method”, U.S.patent application Ser. No. 10/388,920, filed Mar. 14, 2003, and “MixerGain Calibration Method And Apparatus”, U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/292,087, filed Nov. 11, 2002, which are hereby incorporated byreference.

The simplified RF mixer gain calibration circuit 500 includes a matchedresistor 504 and a current source 508 (such as V_(BG)/R_(poly)) togenerate a reference voltage V_(ref) that is input to a comparator 510.V_(ref) is compared to an actual voltage V_(act) of the mixer by thecomparator 510. V_(act) is related to the current I_(D)(V_(act)=I_(D)R_(poly)). A voltage difference signal is output by thecomparator and is used by a g_(m) adjustment circuit 520 to adjustg_(m).

Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, a transmitter and receiver RF mixergain calibration circuit 600 is shown and includes a calibration controlblock 602, which is similar to control blocks 201 and 402. An output ofthe multiplexer 214-3 is input to binary weighted g_(m) stages 610. Anoutput of the binary weighted g_(m) stages 610 are input to a comparator614 having outputs connected to a register 620 or other storage devices.

A voltage source 622 and a resistor 504 are connected to the final stageof the binary weighted g_(m) stage 610. A voltage source 626 and aresistor 504 are connected to a noninverting input of the comparator614. A current source 630 is connected to the binary weighted g_(m)stages 610 as shown. The register 620 is connected to the up/down andcount enable circuit 304-5. In FIG. 10, each stage 650-1, 650-2, . . . ,and 650-x of the binary weighted g_(m) stages 610 includes a pluralityof switches 652, 654, 656, and 658 that are connected as shown.

Similar to the V_(os) calibrations, the transmitter and receiver mixergain calibrations have two phases. For the transmitter, Phase 1 is afull calibration and is similar to the Phase 1 of V_(os) calibrations.The stop criteria applied is same as that of V_(os) calibrations.

Phase 2 is an incremental calibration that is performed when thetransceiver 10 enters transmitter mode. Due to the turn-around timerequirements, the calibration is fast—typically less than 1 μs. Forexample, to achieve this calibration speed, the clock frequency can beincreased. To minimize the impact of the calibration time on turn-aroundtime, transmitter incremental calibration can also be initiated bydetecting power amplified power enable (PA_PE) going to “0”.

For the receiver, Phase 1 is similar to that of the transmitter. Inphase 2, receiver RF mixer gain is calibrated when the transceiverenters receiver mode. The receiver mixer gain calibration circuit issimilar to that of the transmitter gain calibration circuit.Alternately, 4-bit thermometer coded g_(m) cells are used instead ofbinary weighted cells. The receiver incremental calibration can also beinitiated by detecting PA_PE going to “0”.

Those skilled in the art can now appreciate from the foregoingdescription that the broad teachings of the present invention can beimplemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this invention hasbeen described in connection with particular examples thereof, the truescope of the invention should not be so limited since othermodifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon astudy of the drawings, the specification and the following claims.

1. A packet-based wireless transceiver that transmits and receives datapackets, comprising: a receiver including a mixer that converts signalfrequencies and a baseband circuit that communicates with said mixer andthat includes an amplifier; and a receiver voltage offset calibrationcircuit that adjusts a receiver voltage offset at said baseband circuitat times synchronized with said data packets and that includes: acalibration signal generator that outputs calibration signals to firstand second inputs of said baseband circuit; and a calibration adjustmentcircuit that communicates with said calibration signal generator andthat adjusts said calibration signal to reduce said voltage offset basedon a difference between first and second outputs of said amplifier. 2.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 1 wherein saidtransceiver is a wireless local area network transceiver.
 3. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 1 wherein said receivervoltage offset calibration circuit adjusts said receiver voltage offsetduring at least one of idle time between said data packets, duringnon-idle time and during said idle time and said non-idle time.
 4. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 1 wherein said basebandcircuit includes a low pass filter.
 5. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 1 wherein said calibration adjustment circuitincludes an up/down and counter enable circuit that communicates with acounter.
 6. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 5 furthercomprising a decoder that communicates with an output of said counterand that adjusts said calibration signal is output by said calibrationsignal generator.
 7. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 5wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit generates up and downsignals that are input to said counter and wherein said counter countsup when said up signal is received and counts down when said down signalis received.
 8. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 5 whereinsaid calibration circuit has a full calibration mode that is executedwhen said receiver exits from power down and wherein said up/down andcounter enable circuit disables said counter after performingcalibration when a predetermined number of up and down transitions occurduring said full calibration mode.
 9. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 5 wherein said receiver voltage offset calibrationcircuit performs at least one of full and incremental calibration. 10.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 1 wherein saidcalibration signal generator injects current into said first and secondinputs of said low pass filter.
 11. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 1 further comprising a switch that shorts inputs ofsaid mixer when an incremental calibration mode is enabled.
 12. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 1 wherein said receivervoltage offset calibration circuit performs calibration as said receivertransitions at least one of into and out of a receive mode.
 13. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 1 further comprising acomparator that compares said first and second outputs of said amplifierand that generates said difference signal.
 14. A packet-based wirelesstransceiver that transmits and receives data packets, comprising: atransmitter including a low pass filter and a mixer; and a transmittervoltage offset calibration circuit that adjusts a transmitter voltageoffset of said low pass filter and said mixer at times synchronized withsaid data packets and that includes: a calibration signal generator thatinjects calibration signals into first and second inputs of said lowpass filter; and a calibration adjustment circuit that communicates withsaid calibration signal generator and that adjust said voltage offsetbased on a difference between first and second outputs of said mixer.15. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 14 wherein saidtransmitter voltage offset calibration circuit adjusts said transmittervoltage offset during at least one of idle time between said datapackets, during non-idle time and during said idle time and saidnon-idle time.
 16. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 14wherein said transceiver is a wireless local area network transceiver(WLAN).
 17. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 14 whereinsaid calibration adjustment circuit includes an up/down and counterenable circuit and a counter that communicates with said up/down andcounter enable circuit.
 18. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 17 further comprising a decoder that communicates with an outputof said counter and that adjusts said calibration signal that is outputby said calibration signal generator.
 19. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 17 wherein said up/down and counter enable circuitgenerates up and down signals that are input to said counter and whereinsaid counter counts up when said up signal is received and counts downwhen said down signal is received.
 20. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 17 wherein said up/down and counter enable circuitdisables said counter when at least one of a transition from up to downand down to up occurs.
 21. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 17 wherein said calibration circuit has a full calibration modethat is executed when said transceiver exits from power down and whereinsaid up/down and counter enable circuit disables said counter afterperforming calibration when a predetermined number of up and downtransitions occur during said full calibration mode.
 22. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 17 wherein said up/down andcounter enable circuit disables an incremental calibration mode when oneof a transition occurs and after a predetermined number of clock cycles.23. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 17 wherein saidtransmitter voltage offset calibration circuit performs at least one offull and incremental calibration.
 24. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 14 wherein said calibration signal generatorinjects current into said first and second inputs of said low passfilter.
 25. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 14 whereinsaid transmitter voltage offset calibration circuit performs calibrationas said transmitter transitions at least one of into and out of atransmit mode.
 26. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 14further comprising a comparator that compares said first and secondoutputs of said mixer and that generates said difference signal.
 27. Apacket-based wireless transceiver that transmits and receives datapackets, comprising: a transmitter including a mixer; and a transmittermixer gain calibration circuit that adjusts a mixer gain of said mixerat times synchronized with said data packets and that includes: areference signal generator that generates a reference signal; and atransconductance gain adjustment circuit that adjusts a transconductancegain of said mixer to reduce a difference between said reference signaland a second signal that is proportional to current flowing through saidtransmitter mixer.
 28. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 27wherein said transmitter mixer gain calibration circuit adjusts saidmixer gain during at least one of idle time between said data packets,during non-idle time and during said idle time and said non-idle time.29. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 27 wherein saidtransceiver is a wireless local area network transceiver.
 30. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 27 wherein an incrementalcalibration mode is enabled when one of said transmitter is enabled andbefore a power amplifier is enabled, and after said power amplifier isdisabled and before said transmitter is disabled.
 31. The packet-basedwireless transceiver of claim 27 wherein said transconductance gainadjustment circuit includes an up/down and counter enable circuit and acounter that communicates with said up/down and counter enable circuit.32. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 31 wherein saidtransconductance gain adjustment circuit includes a transconductancegain circuit that includes a plurality of stages, that communicates withan output of said counter and that adjusts said transconductance gain ofsaid mixer based on said difference signal.
 33. The packet-basedwireless transceiver of claim 31 wherein said up/down and counter enablecircuit generates up and down signals that are input to said counter,wherein said counter counts up when said up signal is received andcounts down when said down signal is received, and wherein said up/downand counter enable circuit disables said counter when one of atransition occurs and after a predetermined number of clock cycles. 34.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 31 wherein saidcalibration circuit has a full calibration mode that is executed whensaid transmitter exits from power down and wherein said up/down andcounter enable circuit disables said counter when a predetermined numberof up and down transitions occur during said full calibration mode. 35.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 27 wherein saidtransmitter mixer gain calibration circuit performs at least one of fulland incremental calibration.
 36. The packet-based wireless transceiverof claim 27 wherein said transmitter mixer gain calibration circuitperforms calibration as said transmitter transitions at least one ofinto and out of a transmit mode.
 37. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 27 further comprising a comparator that receivessaid reference signal and said second signal and that generates saiddifference signal.
 38. A packet-based wireless transceiver thattransmits and receives data packets, comprising: a receiver including amixer; and a receiver mixer gain calibration circuit that adjusts amixer gain of said mixer at times synchronized with said data packetsand that includes: a reference signal generator that generates areference signal; and a transconductance gain adjustment circuit thatadjusts a transconductance gain of said receiver mixer to reduce adifference between said reference signal and a second signal that isproportional to current flowing through said receiver mixer.
 39. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 38 wherein said receivermixer gain calibration circuit adjusts said mixer gain during at leastone of idle time between said data packets, during non-idle time andduring said idle time and said non-idle time.
 40. The packet-basedwireless transceiver of claim 38 wherein said transceiver is a wirelesslocal area network transceiver.
 41. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 38 wherein an incremental calibration mode isenabled when one of a transmitter of said transceiver is enabled andbefore a power amplifier is enabled, after said power amplifier isdisabled and before said transmitter is disabled, and after saidreceiver is enabled.
 42. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim38 wherein said transconductance gain adjustment circuit includes anup/down and counter enable circuit and a counter that communicates withsaid up/down and counter enable circuit.
 43. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 42 wherein said transconductance gain adjustmentcircuit includes a transconductance gain circuit that includes aplurality of stages, that communicates with an output of said counterand that adjusts said transconductance gain of said mixer based on saiddifference signal.
 44. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 42wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit generates up and downsignals that are input to said counter, wherein said counter counts upwhen said up signal is received and counts down when said down signal isreceived, and wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit disablessaid counter when one of a transition occurs and after a predeterminednumber of clock cycles.
 45. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 42 wherein said calibration circuit has a full calibration modethat is executed when said receiver exits from power down and whereinsaid up/down and counter enable circuit disables said counter afterperforming calibration when a predetermined number of up and downtransitions occur during said full calibration mode.
 46. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 38 wherein said receivermixer gain calibration circuit performs at least one of full andincremental calibration.
 47. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 38 wherein said receiver mixer gain calibration circuit performscalibration as said receiver transitions at least one of into and out ofa receive mode.
 48. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 38further comprising a comparator that receives said reference signal andsaid second signal and that generates said difference signal.
 49. Apacket-based wireless transceiver that transmits and receives datapackets, comprising: receiver means for receiving data packets andincluding mixing means for converting signal frequencies and basebandmeans for communicating with said mixing means and including amplifyingmeans for amplifying; and voltage offset calibration means for adjustinga receiver voltage offset at said baseband means at times synchronizedwith said data packets and that includes: calibration signal generatingmeans for generating calibration signals for first and second inputs ofsaid baseband means; and calibration adjustment means for communicatingwith said calibration signal generating means and said comparing meansand for adjusting said calibration signal to reduce said voltage offsetbased on a difference between first and second outputs of saidamplifying means.
 50. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 49wherein said transceiver is a wireless local area network transceiver.51. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 49 wherein saidvoltage offset calibration means adjusts said receiver voltage offsetduring at least one of idle time between said data packets, duringnon-idle time and during said idle time and said non-idle time.
 52. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 49 wherein said basebandmeans includes a low pass filter.
 53. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 49 wherein said calibration adjustment meansincludes an up/down and counter enable circuit that communicates with acounter.
 54. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 53 furthercomprising a decoding means for communicating with an output of saidcounter and for adjusting said calibration signal that is output by saidcalibration signal generating means.
 55. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 53 wherein said up/down and counter enable circuitgenerates up and down signals that are input to said counter and whereinsaid counter counts up when said up signal is received and counts downwhen said down signal is received.
 56. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 53 wherein said voltage offset calibration meansperforms at least one of full and incremental calibration.
 57. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 49 wherein said calibrationsignal generating means injects current into said first and secondinputs of said low pass filter.
 58. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 49 further comprising switch means for shortinginputs of said mixing means when an incremental calibration mode isenabled.
 59. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 53 whereinsaid calibration means has a full calibration mode that is executed whensaid receiving means exits from power down and wherein said up/down andcounter enable circuit disables said counter after performingcalibration when a predetermined number of up and down transitions occurduring said full calibration mode.
 60. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 49 wherein said voltage offset calibration meansperforms calibration as said receiving means transitions at least one ofinto and out of a receive mode.
 61. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 49 further comprising comparing means for comparingsaid first and second outputs of said amplifying means and forgenerating said difference signal.
 62. A packet-based wirelesstransceiver that transmits and receives data packets, comprising:transmitting means for transmitting data packets and including a lowpass filter and a mixer; and voltage offset calibration means foradjusting a transmitter voltage offset of said low pass filter and saidmixer at times synchronized with said data packets and that includes:calibration signal generating means for injecting calibration signalsinto first and second inputs of said low pass filter; and calibrationadjustment means for communicating with said calibration signalgenerating means and said comparing means and for adjusting said voltageoffset based on a difference between first and second outputs of saidmixer.
 63. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 62 whereinsaid voltage offset calibration means adjusts said transmitter voltageoffset during at least one of idle time between said data packets,during non-idle time and during said idle time and said non-idle time.64. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 62 wherein saidtransceiver is a wireless local area network transceiver (WLAN).
 65. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 62 wherein said calibrationadjustment means includes an up/down and counter enable circuit and acounter that communicates with said up/down and counter enable circuit.66. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 65 further comprisingdecoding means for communicating with an output of said counter and foradjusting said calibration signal that is output by said calibrationsignal generating means.
 67. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 65 wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit generates upand down signals that are input to said counter and wherein said countercounts up when said up signal is received and counts down when said downsignal is received.
 68. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim65 wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit disables said counterwhen at least one of a transition from up to down and down to up occurs.69. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 65 wherein saidcalibration means has a full calibration mode that is executed when saidtransceiver exits from power down and wherein said up/down and counterenable circuit disables said counter after performing calibration when apredetermined number of up and down transitions occur during said fullcalibration mode.
 70. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 65wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit disables an incrementalcalibration mode when one of a transition occurs and after apredetermined number of clock cycles.
 71. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 65 wherein said voltage offset calibration meansperforms at least one of full and incremental calibration.
 72. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 62 wherein said calibrationsignal generating means injects current into said first and secondinputs of said low pass filter.
 73. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 62 wherein said voltage offset calibration meansperforms calibration as said transmitter transitions at least one ofinto and out of a transmit mode.
 74. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 62 further comprising comparing means for comparingsaid first and second outputs of said mixer and for generating saiddifference signal.
 75. A packet-based wireless transceiver thattransmits and receives data packets, comprising: transmitting means fortransmitting data packets and including a mixer; and mixer gaincalibration means for adjusting a mixer gain of said mixer at timessynchronized with said data packets and that includes: reference signalgenerating means for generating a reference signal; and transconductancegain adjustment means for adjusting a transconductance gain of saidmixer to reduce a difference between said reference signal and a secondsignal that is proportional to current flowing through said transmittermixer.
 76. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 75 whereinsaid mixer gain calibration means adjusts said mixer gain during atleast one of idle time between said data packets, during non-idle timeand during said idle time and said non-idle time.
 77. The packet-basedwireless transceiver of claim 75 wherein said transceiver is a wirelesslocal area network transceiver.
 78. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 75 wherein an incremental calibration mode isenabled when one of said transmitter is enabled and before a poweramplifier is enabled and after said power amplifier is disabled andbefore said transmitter is disabled.
 79. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 75 wherein said transconductance gain adjustmentmeans includes an up/down and counter enable circuit and a counter thatcommunicates with said up/down and counter enable circuit.
 80. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 79 wherein saidtransconductance gain adjustment means includes a plurality of stages,communicates with an output of said counter and adjusts saidtransconductance gain of said mixer based on said difference signal. 81.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 79 wherein said up/downand counter enable circuit generates up and down signals that are inputto said counter, wherein said counter counts up when said up signal isreceived and counts down when said down signal is received, and whereinsaid up/down and counter enable circuit disables said counter when oneof a transition occurs and after a predetermined number of clock cycles.82. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 79 wherein said mixergain calibration means has a full calibration mode that is executed whensaid transmitter exits from power down and wherein said up/down andcounter enable circuit disables said counter when a predetermined numberof up and down transitions occur during said full calibration mode. 83.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 75 wherein said mixergain calibration means performs at least one of full and incrementalcalibration.
 84. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 75wherein said mixer gain calibration means performs calibration as saidtransmitting means transitions at least one of into and out of atransmit mode.
 85. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 75further comprising comparing means for receiving said reference signaland said second signal and for generating said difference signal.
 86. Apacket-based wireless transceiver that transmits and receives datapackets, comprising: receiving means for receiving data packets andincluding a mixer; and mixer gain calibration means for adjusting amixer gain of said mixer at times synchronized with said data packetsand that includes: reference signal generating means for generating areference signal; and transconductance gain adjustment means thatadjusts a transconductance gain of said receiver mixer to reduce adifference between said reference signal and a second signal that isproportional to current flowing through said receiver mixer.
 87. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 86 wherein said mixer gaincalibration means adjusts said mixer gain during at least one of idletime between said data packets, during non-idle time and during saididle time and said non-idle time.
 88. The packet-based wirelesstransceiver of claim 86 wherein said transceiver is a wireless localarea network transceiver.
 89. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 86 wherein an incremental calibration mode is enabled when one ofa transmitter of said transceiver is enabled and before a poweramplifier is enabled, after said power amplifier is disabled and beforesaid transmitter is disabled, and after said receiver is enabled. 90.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 86 wherein saidtransconductance gain adjustment circuit includes an up/down and counterenable circuit and a counter that communicates with said up/down andcounter enable circuit.
 91. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 90 wherein said transconductance gain adjustment means includes aplurality of stages, communicates with an output of said counter andadjusts said transconductance gain of said mixer based on saiddifference signal.
 92. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 90wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit generates up and downsignals that are input to said counter, wherein said counter counts upwhen said up signal is received and counts down when said down signal isreceived, and wherein said up/down and counter enable circuit disablessaid counter when one of a transition occurs and after a predeterminednumber of clock cycles.
 93. The packet-based wireless transceiver ofclaim 90 wherein said calibration means has a full calibration mode thatis executed when said receiver exits from power down and wherein saidup/down and counter enable circuit disables said counter afterperforming calibration when a predetermined number of up and downtransitions occur during said full calibration mode.
 94. Thepacket-based wireless transceiver of claim 86 wherein said mixer gaincalibration means performs at least one of full and incrementalcalibration.
 95. The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 86wherein said mixer gain calibration means performs calibration as saidreceiver transitions at least one of into and out of a receive mode. 96.The packet-based wireless transceiver of claim 86 further comprisingcomparing means for receiving said reference signal and said secondsignal and for generating said difference signal.
 97. A method foroperating packet-based wireless transceiver that transmits and receivesdata packets, comprising: providing a receiver including a mixer thatconverts signal frequencies and a baseband circuit that communicateswith said mixer and that includes an amplifier; adjusting a receivervoltage offset at said baseband circuit at times synchronized with saiddata packets; outputting calibration signals to first and second inputsof said baseband circuit; comparing first and second outputs of saidamplifier and generating a difference signal; and adjusting saidcalibration signal to reduce said voltage offset based on saiddifference signal.
 98. The method of claim 97 wherein said transceiveris a wireless local area network transceiver.
 99. The method of claim 97further comprising adjusting said receiver voltage offset during atleast one of idle time between said data packets, during non-idle timeand during said idle time and said non-idle time.
 100. The method ofclaim 97 wherein said baseband circuit includes a low pass filter and anamplifier.
 101. The method of claim 97 further comprising performingcalibration as said receiver transitions at least one of into and out ofa receive mode.
 102. A method for operating a packet-based wirelesstransceiver that transmits and receives data packets, comprising:providing a transmitter including a low pass filter and a mixer;adjusting a transmitter voltage offset of said low pass filter and saidmixer at times synchronized with said data packets; injectingcalibration signals into first and second inputs of said low passfilter; comparing first and second outputs of said mixer and generatinga difference signal; and adjusting said voltage offset based on saiddifference signal.
 103. The method of claim 102 further comprisingadjusting said transmitter voltage offset during at least one of idletime between said data packets, during non-idle time and during saididle time and said non-idle time.
 104. The method of claim 102 whereinsaid transceiver is a wireless local area network transceiver (WLAN).105. The method of claim 102 further comprising performing calibrationas said transmitter transitions at least one of into and out of atransmit mode.
 106. A method for operating a packet-based wirelesstransceiver that transmits and receives data packets, comprising:providing a transmitter including a mixer; adjusting a mixer gain ofsaid mixer at times synchronized with said data packets; generating areference signal; generating a difference signal based on said referencesignal and a second signal that is proportional to current flowingthrough said transmitter mixer; and adjusting a transconductance gain ofsaid mixer to reduce said difference signal.
 107. The method of claim106 further comprising adjusting said mixer gain during at least one ofidle time between said data packets, during non-idle time and duringsaid idle time and said non-idle time.
 108. The method of claim 106wherein said transceiver is a wireless local area network transceiver.109. The method of claim 106 further comprising performing calibrationas said transmitter transitions at least one of into and out of atransmit mode.
 110. A method for operating a packet-based wirelesstransceiver that transmits and receives data packets, comprising:providing a receiver including a mixer; adjusting a mixer gain of saidmixer at times synchronized with said data packets; generating areference signal; generating a difference signal based on said referencesignal and a second signal that is proportional to current flowingthrough said receiver mixer; and adjusting a transconductance gain ofsaid receiver mixer to reduce said difference signal.
 111. The method ofclaim 110 further comprising adjusting said mixer gain during at leastone of idle time between said data packets, during non-idle time andduring said idle time and said non-idle time.
 112. The method of claim110 wherein said transceiver is a wireless local area networktransceiver.
 113. The method of claim 110 further comprising performingcalibration as said receiver transitions at least one of into and out ofa receive mode.